EXW - EX WORKS (named place)

Applicable for all modes of transportation.
Ex Works at a named point of origin (e.g., ex factory, ex mill, ex warehouse). Under this term, the price quoted applies only at the point of origin and the seller agrees to place the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the specified place on the date or within the period fixed. All other charges are the responsibility of the buyer. FCA - FREE CARRIER (named place)

Applicable for all modes of transportation.
Free Carrier, to a named place. This term replaces the former "FOB named inland port" to designate the seller's responsibility for the cost of loading goods at the named shipping point. It may be used for multimodal transport, container stations, and any mode of transport, including air. The seller is responsible for loading goods into the means of transportation; the buyer is responsible for all subsequent expenses. If a port of exportation is named, the costs of transporting the goods to the named port are included in the price. FAS - FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP (named port of shipment)

Applicable for Sea transport only.
Free Alongside Ship, at a named U.S. port of export. Under this term, the seller quotes a price for the goods that includes charges for delivery of the goods alongside a vessel at the port. The seller handles the cost of unloading and wharfage; the buyer is responsible for loading, ocean transportation, and insurance costs. FOB - FREE ON BOARD (named port of shipment)

Applicable for Sea transport only.
Free on Board, at a named port of export. The seller quotes the buyer a price that covers all costs up to and including delivery of goods aboard an overseas vessel. CFR - COST AND FREIGHT (named port of destination)

Applicable for Sea transport only.
Cost and Freight, to a named overseas port of import. Under this term, the seller quotes a price for the goods that includes the cost of transportation to the named point of debarkation. The cost of insurance is left to the buyer. CIF - COST, INSURANCE AND FREIGHT (named port of destination)

Applicable for Sea transport only.
Cost, Insurance, and Freight, to a named overseas port of import. Under this term, the seller quotes a price for the goods (including insurance), all transportation, and miscellaneous charges to the point of debarkation from the vessel. CPT - CARRIAGE PAID TO (named place of destination)

Carriage Paid To a named place of destination. Used in place of CFR for shipment by modes other than water. CIP - CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO (named place of destination)

Carriage and Insurance Paid, to a named place of destination. Used in place of CIF for shipment by modes other than water. DAF - DELIVERED AT FRONTIER (named place)

Applicable for all modes of transportation.
Delivered at Frontier, at a named place. The seller fulfils his obligation when the goods have been made available, cleared for export, at the named point at the frontier, but before the customs border of the adjoining country. Primarily intended for rail and road transport. DES - DELIVERED EX SHIP (named port of destination)

Applicable for sea or inland waterway transport only.
Delivered Ex Ship, at a named port, the seller fulfils their obligation when the goods have been made available to the buyer on board the ship uncleared for import at the named port of destination. The seller has to bear all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to the named port of destination. DEQ - DELIVERED EX QUAY (named port of destination)

Applicable for Sea or Inland Waterway transport only.
Delivered Ex Quay (Duty Paid), at a named port, the seller fulfils their obligation when the goods have been made available to the buyer on the wharf at the named port of destination, cleared for importation. The seller has to bear all risks and costs including duties, taxes, and other charges of delivering the goods to the quay. The seller is obligated to obtain the import license, either directly or indirectly. DDU- DELIVERED DUTY UNPAID (named place of destination)

Applicable for all modes of transportation.
Delivered Duty Unpaid -- only the transportation customs duty and taxes are paid by the consignee. DDP - DELIVERED DUTY PAID (named place of destination)

Applicable for all modes of transportation.
Delivered Duty Paid -- the seller delivers the goods, with import duties paid, including inland transportation from import point to the buyers's premises.
INCO Terms Chart

The following chart shows which of the parties is responsible for what functions or fees under the different INCOTERM designations. An 'N' indicates that the responsiblity is negotiable. If you are unsure about the meaning of an INCOTERM, move your mouse over the underlined term.
Responsibility EXW FCA FAS FOB CFR CPT CIF CIP DAF DES DEQ DDU DDP
Exporter of Record BuyerBuyerBuyerSeller SellerSellerSellerSeller SellerSellerSellerSeller Seller
Importer of Record BuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyer BuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerSellerSeller Seller
Documentation Use this section to determine responsibility for Import/Export Documentation
Proforma Invoice SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller Seller
Packing List SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller Seller
Certificate of Origin SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller Seller
Bill of Lading SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller Seller
Commercial Invoice SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller Seller
Export Declaration NNNSellerSellerSellerSeller SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller
Validated Export License NNNSellerSellerSellerSeller SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller
Import License BuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyer BuyerBuyerBuyerSellerSellerSeller
Fees and Costs Use this section to determine responsibility for Import/Export/Transportation Fees
Buyers Product Cost SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller Seller
International Packaging SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller Seller
Certification Fees SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller Seller
Inspection Fees SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller Seller
Loading Fees BuyerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller Seller
Cartage Fees BuyerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller Seller
US Inland Freight BuyerBuyerSellerSellerSellerSeller SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller Seller
Reconsignment Fees BuyerBuyerSellerSellerSellerSeller SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller Seller
Pier Delivery Charges BuyerBuyerSellerSellerSellerSeller SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller Seller
Loading Cost BuyerBuyerBuyerSellerSellerSeller SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller Seller
Forwarding Fees BuyerBuyerBuyerSellerSellerSeller SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller Seller
Consular Fees BuyerBuyerBuyerSellerSellerSeller SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller Seller
International Freight BuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerSellerSeller SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller Seller
Insurance BuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyer SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller Seller
US Bank Fees NNNNNN NNNNNN N
Buyers Bank Fees SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller SellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller Seller
Unloading Fees BuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyer BuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerSellerSeller Seller
Import Duty BuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyer BuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerSellerSeller Seller
Import Broker BuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyer BuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerSellerBuyer Seller
Cartage from Pier BuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyer BuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyer Seller
Inland Freight at Destination BuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyer BuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyer Seller
Warehousing BuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyer BuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyer Seller
Incoterms 2000, like its immediate predecessor, groups the terms in four categories denoted by the first letter in the three-letter abbreviation. Under the "E"-term (EXW), the seller only makes the goods available to the buyer at the seller's own premises. It is the only one of that category.

Under the "F"-terms (FCA, FAS and FOB), the seller is called upon to deliver the goods to a carrier appointed by the buyer.

Under the "C"-terms (CFR, CIF, CPT and CIP), the seller has to contract for carriage, but without assuming the risk of loss or damage to the goods or additional costs due to events occurring after shipment or dispatch.

Under the "D"-terms (DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU and DDP), the seller has to bear all costs and risks needed to bring the goods to the place of destination.

What are the 13 Incoterms?

Each Incoterm is referred to by a three-letter abbreviation. Here is a complete list, with the meanings spelled out. Click on any of the 13 terms listed below and read a concise definition from the Preambles to Incoterms 2000. Several of the Preambles, marked below with an *, include a footnote referring to the Introduction. Click anywhere on those pages to view the relevant part of the Introduction.

EXW - EX WORKS (named place)*

FCA - FREE CARRIER (named place)

FAS - FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP (named port of shipment)*

FOB - FREE ON BOARD (named port of shipment)

CFR - COST AND FREIGHT (named port of destination)

CIF - COST, INSURANCE AND FREIGHT (named port of destination)*

CPT - CARRIAGE PAID TO (named place of destination)

CIP - CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO (named place of destination)*

DAF - DELIVERED AT FRONTIER (named place)*

DES - DELIVERED EX SHIP (named port of destination)

DEQ - DELIVERED EX QUAY (named port of destination)*

DDU - DELIVERED DUTY UNPAID (named place of destination)*

DDP - DELIVERED DUTY PAID (named place of destination)*


Incoterms 2000 - changes worth noting:

Under FAS (FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP) the seller is required to clear the goods for export. This is a reversal from previous Incoterms versions, which required the buyer to arrange for export clearance.

Under DEQ (DELIVERED EX QUAY) the buyer is required to clear the goods for import and to pay for all formalities, duties, taxes and other charges upon import. This is a reversal from previous Incoterms versions, which required the seller to arrange for import clearance.

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